A comparison of the performance of normal middle social class Egyptian infants and toddlers with the reference norms of the Bayley Scales -third edition (Bayley III): A pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Developmental assessment is an important facility for early detection and intervention of developmental delay in children. Objective: to assess the performance of a sample of middle social class Egyptian infants and toddlers on Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-third edition (Bayley III), and to compare their cognitive, motor, and communication scores with that of the reference norms. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional pilot study, included 270 children aged 18-42 months. Mothers filled a questionnaire including questions about family socioeconomic background, perinatal history, and family history. Physical examination and growth assessment of children were performed. Developmental assessment of cognitive, language and motor skills was performed using the Bayley III scales and compared the American norm scores with the Egyptian mean scores. RESULTS: The mean cognitive, language and motor composite scores were 92.5+18.5, 91.76+ 15.6, and 95.67+18.9 respectively. All were lower than the American mean (100+ 15) with highly significant differences. About one-fourth of the enrolled Egyptian children had below-average composite scores according to the US cutoff point. The ranks of Egyptian children on the American versus the Egyptian percentile curves were significantly different. CONCLUSION: Mean values of all assessed developmental domains of Egyptian children are within the norm-referenced average of Bayley III, but lower than the recorded American mean. Assessing Egyptian children according to the American norms may result in overestimating developmental delay. This pilot study raised the question about using different cutoff points suitable for the developmental trajectory of Egyptian children. Answering this question needs further studies on Bayley-III after cultural adaptation and standardization, using a larger, more diverse, and representative sample of the Egyptian population.

Predictors of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations among a Sample of Egyptian Schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status among a sample of Egyptian schoolchildren and to evaluate predictors of deficiency and insufficiency. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study comprising 200 prepubescent schoolchildren aged from 9 to 11 years was performed. A questionnaire including frequency of midday sun exposure, milk intake, physical activity, and level of maternal education was taken. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated; serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone were measured. RESULTS: Vitamin D deficiency [serum 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL] was detected in 11.5% of subjects while its insufficiency (serum 25(OH)D is between 20 and 29.9 ng/mL) was detected in 15%. Results revealed that obesity, low physical activity, low sun exposure, and low maternal education level are significant predictors of insufficiency, though female gender, low maternal education level, and low milk intake are significant predictors of deficiency. Lower serum phosphorus and higher serum parathyroid hormone were significantly associated with both deficiency and insufficiency (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are common among schoolchildren in Egypt. Food fortification, vitamin D supplementation, and increasing maternal awareness about the importance of physical activity and exposure of their children to ultraviolet light may help to overcome this problem.

Carcinoma de células claras variedad no hialinizante de parótida: comunicación de dos casos con diferente grado de diferenciación / Non-hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of the parotid: report of two cases with different grade of differentiation

El carcinoma de células claras es una neoplasia rara de bajo grado que se desarrolla casi exclusivamente en glándulas salivales menores humanas. El objetivo de esta comunicación es analizar las características estructurales, histoquímicas e inmunohistoquímicas (IHQ) de dos casos de carcinoma de células claras de parótida y realizar el diagnóstico diferencial con otros tumores salivales primarios y metastásicos que presentan células claras. Cortes de ambos tumores fueron procesados para H/E, tricrómicos de Masson y Dane, Azul de toluidina, Azul alciano, PAS y PAS/diastasa; marcaciones IHQ para citoqueratinas de bajo y alto peso molecular, ki67, HMB45, p63 y proteína S-100. El patrón estructural de estos tumores estaba determinado por nidos y cordones de células claras delimitados por un estroma no hialinizado. En un tumor se observó una neoplasia maligna a células claras con manifiesta anaplasia. La expresión de ki67 fue importante. El otro tumor estaba constituido por células claras monomorfas sin signos manifiestos de atipia y casi nula expresión de ki67. Con PAS se demostró la presencia de glucógeno y no se observó un desarrollo importante del estroma colágeno en ambas neoplasias. En ambos casos resultó francamente positiva la inmunomarcación para citoqueratinas de bajo y alto peso molecular. Por el contrario resultó negativa para HMB45 y p63. La proteína S-100 tuvo su expresión en células aisladas. Se concluye que los casos presentados son de localización poco común (parótida) según lo descripto en la bibliografía; corresponden a la variedad no hialinizante ya que no está presente un importante estroma colágeno hialinizado, y ambos tumores son primarios de glándulas salivales, de origen epitelial, no melanocítico ni hematopoyético (linfomas) como lo demuestran las marcaciones IHQ.

The clear cell carcinoma is a rare neoplam of low level grade that develops almost exclusively in human minor salivary glands. The objective of this present work is to analyze the structural, histochemical and inmunohistochemical (IHQ) characteristics of two cases of parotid clear cell carcinoma and make a differential diagnosis with other primary and metastatic salivary tumors that clear cells show. Serial cuts of both tumors were processed for H/E, Masson and Dane trichromes, Toluidine blue, Alcian blue, PAS and PAS/diastase; IHQ marking of both high-and low-molecular weight cytokeratins, ki67, HMB45, p63 and S-100 protein. The structural pattern of these tumors were determined by nests and cords of clear cells delimited by a stroma non hyaline. In a tumor a malign neoplasia was observed in clear cells with anaplasia. The ki67 expression was important. The other tumor was constitued of clear monomorph cells without manifestation signs of atypia and almost no ki67 expression. With PAS was confirmed the presence of glycogen and not observed an important development of the collagen stroma in both neoplasms. Both cases resulted very positive the immunostaining of both high and low molecular weight cytokeratins. It resulted negative for the HMB45 and p63. The protein S-100 has it´s expression in isolated cells. We conclude that: the presented cases are very uncommon localization (parotid) as described by the literature; it matches a non hyalinizing variety because a very important hyalinized collagen stroma is not present, both primary tumors of salivary glands, of epithelial origin, non melanocytic, renal or hematopoietic lymphomas which shows immunostaining IHQ.

Estudio morfométrico comparativo de la corteza cerebelosa humana en dos grupos etarios / Comparative morphometric study of human cerebellar cortex in two age groups

Histológicamente la corteza del cerebelo humano adulto presenta tres capas constitutivas; la capa molecular, la hilera de los cuerpos de las células de Purkinje y la capa granulosa interna. La sustancia cortical del cerebelo de los embriones de mamífero, así como la de los jóvenes, muestran una capa granular externa. Nuestro objetivo es documentar las diferencias morfológicas entre las capas de la corteza cerebelosa adulta y joven. Se realizaron estudios morfométricos microscópicos en 20 cerebelos de autopsias. Los casos se dividieron en dos grupos, adultos y niños menores de 1 año. Se realizaron cortes en parafina, coloreados con hematoxilina y eosina. La corteza del cerebelo adulto presentó diferencias morfológicas con la de los recién nacidos. En el cerebelo adulto presenta tres capas constitutivas, mientras que en el recién nacido presenta una cuarta capa, la granulosa externa...

Histologically, the adult human cerebellar cortex has three constituent layers, the molecular layer, the row of bodies of Purkinje cells and internal granular layer. The cortex of the cerebellum of mammalian embryos, as well as youth, show external granular layer. Our goal is to document morphological differences between the layers of the cerebellar cortex adult and young. Microscopic morphometric studies were performed in 20 cerebellum autopsied. The cases were divided into two groups, adults and children under 1 year. Paraffin sections were performed, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The cortex of adult cerebellum showed morphological differences of the newborn. In the adult cerebellum has three constituent layers, whereas in the newborn has a fourth layer, the external granular...

Biological effects produced by intense pulsed light (Xe-Cl) on the cartilage of the tongue chick embryo using various filters / Efectos biológicos producidos por la luz pulsada intensa (Xe-Cl) sobre el cartílago lingual del embrión de pollo usando diversos filtros

The Laser used correctly in the medical practice offers clear advantages compared with traditional therapies. The improvement and even the elimination of many significant skin lesions can be achieved with reduced risks to patients. However, it is important to keep security measures and understand the possible effects on an experimental model. The chick embryo is a good model to evaluate the direct effects of non-ionizing radiation for its easy handling and availability. The purpose of this communication is to show our histological findings in organs of the chick embryo with and without protective barrier to be subjected to radiation excimer. We used the following issuers: intense pulsed light (excimer Xe-Cl laser of 308 nm wavelength). It was irradiated embryos through an open window on eggshells. Aseptically the eggs were kept for 24 hours in an incubator. The protective barriers were used with and without colored glass, latex, cellophane, paper, polycarbonate of different colors and thicknesses. The most outstanding results, with no barrier and barriers with transparent and green were intense marked congestion in capillaries, edema and focus the necrosis. We concluded that the tissue changes observed are consistent with possible side effects of these radiations fototérmicos we warned about possible side effects when they are applied indiscriminately. We believe it is important to explore different means to safeguard the safety of operators and patients.

El láser utilizado correctamente en la práctica médica ofrece claras ventajas cuando se compara con las terapias tradicionales. La mejoría e incluso la eliminación significativa de muchas lesiones cutáneas se pueden lograr con riesgos reducidos para los pacientes. Sin embargo, es importante guardar medidas de seguridad y conocer los posibles efectos en un modelo experimental. El embrión de pollo es un buen modelo para evaluar los efectos directos de radiaciones no ionizantes por su fácil manipulación y disponibilidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es comunicar los cambios histopatológicos en órganos del embrión de pollo con y sin barrera de protección al ser sometido a radiación excimer. Se utilizó el siguiente elemento emisor: luz pulsada intensa (Xe-Cl excimer laser de 308 nm de longitud de onda. Se irradiaron los embriones a través de una ventana abierta en la cáscara del huevo. Los huevos fueron mantenidos asépticamente por 24 hs en una incubadora. Las barreras de protección utilizadas fueron vidrio con y sin color, latex, celofán, papel, policarbonato de diferentes colores y espesores. Los resultados más sobresalientes, sin barrera y con barreras transparentes y de color verde fueron: intensa vasocongestión, edema y focosde necrosis. Se concluye que las modificaciones tisulares observadas son compatibles con posibles efectos fototérmicos colaterales de estas radiaciones los que nos advierten sobre posibles efectos adversos cuando las mismas se aplican indiscriminadamente. Creemos que es de importancia estudiar los diferentes medios que permitan resguardar la seguridad de los pacientes y operadores.

Histología y embriología oral clínicamente integradas como herramienta didactica en un curso de grado de la carrera de odontologia / Oral histology and embryology clinically integrated as a teaching tool in an undergraduated dentistry course of studies

The teaching of Oral Histology and Embryology clinically integrated was designed as a pilot experience to be developed during the 2005 academic year at the Division of Histology and Embryology (Chair [quot ]A[quot ]) of the National University of Cordoba School of Dentistry. This experience, in which the members of the faculty of the Department of Clinical and Basic Sciences have an active participation, is based on a systemic conception of the learning-teaching process and on the recommendations made by the OPS/OMS. This approach will allow us to optimize the quality of our undergraduate programs through better teacher training and the gradual integration of basic and clinical sciences. Our aim is to provide a better education with clinical relevance in basic sciences and scientific basis in clinical assistance.(AU)

La enseñanza integrada es un modelo pedagógico que se sustenta fundamentalmente en la concentración de los aspectos relevantes de un conjunto de disciplinas interrelacionadas, obteniéndose como producto una síntesis interdisciplinaria, lo que proporciona una visión más holística de la enseñanza y le permite al educando integrar conocimientos. A partir de esta concepción sistémica del proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje y de las recomendaciones de OPS/OMS, se diseñó como experiencia piloto para el Ciclo Lectivo 2005 de la Cátedra "A" de Histología y Embriología de la Facultad de Odontología perteneciente a la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, la enseñanza de la Histología y Embriología Oral clínicamente integradas, con activa participación de docentes de Ciencias Básicas y Clínicas. La estrategia para la sistematización de los contenidos de los módulos de aprendizaje se basó en una dinámica que se sustenta en el uso de facilitadores didácticos, que recrean instrumentos didácticos como son las ideas previas, los mapas conceptuales, la resolución de problemas y el estudio de casos clínicos. Esta experiencia nos va a permitir optimizar la calidad de la oferta educativa de grado a través de la mejora de la formación docente y la gradual integración de las ciencias básicas y clínicas, para el logro de una educación con relevancia clínica en las ciencias básicas y con base científica en la asistencia clínica.(AU)

Histología y embriología oral clínicamente integradas como herramienta didactica en un curso de grado de la carrera de odontologia / Oral histology and embryology clinically integrated as a teaching tool in an undergraduated dentistry course of studies

The teaching of Oral Histology and Embryology clinically integrated was designed as a pilot experience to be developed during the 2005 academic year at the Division of Histology and Embryology (Chair [quot ]A[quot ]) of the National University of Cordoba School of Dentistry. This experience, in which the members of the faculty of the Department of Clinical and Basic Sciences have an active participation, is based on a systemic conception of the learning-teaching process and on the recommendations made by the OPS/OMS. This approach will allow us to optimize the quality of our undergraduate programs through better teacher training and the gradual integration of basic and clinical sciences. Our aim is to provide a better education with clinical relevance in basic sciences and scientific basis in clinical assistance.

La enseñanza integrada es un modelo pedagógico que se sustenta fundamentalmente en la concentración de los aspectos relevantes de un conjunto de disciplinas interrelacionadas, obteniéndose como producto una síntesis interdisciplinaria, lo que proporciona una visión más holística de la enseñanza y le permite al educando integrar conocimientos. A partir de esta concepción sistémica del proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje y de las recomendaciones de OPS/OMS, se diseñó como experiencia piloto para el Ciclo Lectivo 2005 de la Cátedra "A" de Histología y Embriología de la Facultad de Odontología perteneciente a la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, la enseñanza de la Histología y Embriología Oral clínicamente integradas, con activa participación de docentes de Ciencias Básicas y Clínicas. La estrategia para la sistematización de los contenidos de los módulos de aprendizaje se basó en una dinámica que se sustenta en el uso de facilitadores didácticos, que recrean instrumentos didácticos como son las ideas previas, los mapas conceptuales, la resolución de problemas y el estudio de casos clínicos. Esta experiencia nos va a permitir optimizar la calidad de la oferta educativa de grado a través de la mejora de la formación docente y la gradual integración de las ciencias básicas y clínicas, para el logro de una educación con relevancia clínica en las ciencias básicas y con base científica en la asistencia clínica.

[Ultrastructural behavior of interstitial cells innervation during the differentiation of the chick embryo ovary cultured with 17-beta-estradiol]. / Comportamiento ultraestructural de la inervación de las células intersticiales durante la diferenciación del ovario del embrión de pollo cultivado con 17-beta-estradiol.

In a previous work we demonstrated the relationship between nerve fibers and nerve endings and interstitial cells (estrogen-producing cells) from the atrophic right ovary and the medulla in the left functioning ovary during embryogenesis in the chick, in ovo. Besides, the local production of neurotrophins by steroidogenic cells is probably involved in the control of ovarian innervation. The objective of the present study was to analyze ultrastructurally the innervation during the differentiation of chick ovary cultured with 17-beta-estradiol. Explants of right and left ovaries from seven to nineteen days in ovo development were cultured separately for 4 days in MEM (controls) or in the presence of 17-beta-estradiol (problems). In controls the electron microscopic examination of the innervation explants from chick embryo ovaries revealed that the interstitial cells are well innervated. Nerve fibres and nerve endings were observed in close contact with steroid-producing cells, a similar pattern of innervation that those of the fifteen days ovaries in ovo development. Problems cultured from seven days showed nerve fibres and nerve endings at difference to controls. These results in vitro suggest that innervation of the ovaries is controlled by indirect mechanism via the hypothalamic-pituitary system and local production factors. More experiments are necessary to confirm this results.

Comportamiento ultraestructural de la inervación de las células intersticiales durante la diferenciación del ovario del embrión de pollo cultivado con 17-beta-estradiol. / [Ultrastructural behavior of interstitial cells innervation during the differentiation of the chick embryo ovary cultured with 17-beta-estradiol]

In a previous work we demonstrated the relationship between nerve fibers and nerve endings and interstitial cells (estrogen-producing cells) from the atrophic right ovary and the medulla in the left functioning ovary during embryogenesis in the chick, in ovo. Besides, the local production of neurotrophins by steroidogenic cells is probably involved in the control of ovarian innervation. The objective of the present study was to analyze ultrastructurally the innervation during the differentiation of chick ovary cultured with 17-beta-estradiol. Explants of right and left ovaries from seven to nineteen days in ovo development were cultured separately for 4 days in MEM (controls) or in the presence of 17-beta-estradiol (problems). In controls the electron microscopic examination of the innervation explants from chick embryo ovaries revealed that the interstitial cells are well innervated. Nerve fibres and nerve endings were observed in close contact with steroid-producing cells, a similar pattern of innervation that those of the fifteen days ovaries in ovo development. Problems cultured from seven days showed nerve fibres and nerve endings at difference to controls. These results in vitro suggest that innervation of the ovaries is controlled by indirect mechanism via the hypothalamic-pituitary system and local production factors. More experiments are necessary to confirm this results.

Avian minor salivary glands: an ultrastructural study of the secretory granules in mucous and seromucous cells.

Ultrastructural descriptions in birds are scarce thus, in this study we have characterized the secretory granules of mucous and seromucous cells from the palatine and lingual salivary glands of birds with different diets. The samples were taken from the tongue and palatine mucosa of chicken (Gallus gallus), quail (Coturnix coturnix), chimango (Milvago chimango) and white heron (Egretta thula). The samples were processed for observation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) employing 4% Karnovsky solution for fixation. The most noteworthy finding was the heterogeneous ultrastructural appearance of the secretory granules. Differences in substructure were found between the four species, between the palatine and lingual glands in the same species and even within the same acinus and the same cell. At variance with other authors, these differences cannot be attributed to the type of fixative solution used taking into account that all the samples were processed in the same way. Previous histochemical studies have shown the presence of sulfated and non sulfated glycoconjugates in these glands which can be associated to the maturation of the granules. These granules are probably representative of peculiar storage of the secretory products that would give rise to a heterogeneous and complex ultrastructural pattern of granules in the mucosa and seromucosa cells of these avian species.

Avian minor salivary glands: an ultrastructural study of the secretory granules in mucous and seromucous cells

Ultrastructural descriptions in birds are scarce thus, in this study we have characterized the secretory granules of mucous and seromucous cells from the palatine and lingual salivary glands of birds with different diets. The samples were taken from the tongue and palatine mucosa of chicken (Gallus gallus), quail (Coturnix coturnix), chimango (Milvago chimango) and white heron (Egretta thula). The samples were processed for observation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) employing 4

Karnovsky solution for fixation. The most noteworthy finding was the heterogeneous ultrastructural appearance of the secretory granules. Differences in substructure were found between the four species, between the palatine and lingual glands in the same species and even within the same acinus and the same cell. At variance with other authors, these differences cannot be attributed to the type of fixative solution used taking into account that all the samples were processed in the same way. Previous histochemical studies have shown the presence of sulfated and non sulfated glycoconjugates in these glands which can be associated to the maturation of the granules. These granules are probably representative of peculiar storage of the secretory products that would give rise to a heterogeneous and complex ultrastructural pattern of granules in the mucosa and seromucosa cells of these avian species.

Avian minor salivary glands: an ultrastructural study of the secretory granules in mucous and seromucous cells.

Ultrastructural descriptions in birds are scarce thus, in this study we have characterized the secretory granules of mucous and seromucous cells from the palatine and lingual salivary glands of birds with different diets. The samples were taken from the tongue and palatine mucosa of chicken (Gallus gallus), quail (Coturnix coturnix), chimango (Milvago chimango) and white heron (Egretta thula). The samples were processed for observation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) employing 4

Karnovsky solution for fixation. The most noteworthy finding was the heterogeneous ultrastructural appearance of the secretory granules. Differences in substructure were found between the four species, between the palatine and lingual glands in the same species and even within the same acinus and the same cell. At variance with other authors, these differences cannot be attributed to the type of fixative solution used taking into account that all the samples were processed in the same way. Previous histochemical studies have shown the presence of sulfated and non sulfated glycoconjugates in these glands which can be associated to the maturation of the granules. These granules are probably representative of peculiar storage of the secretory products that would give rise to a heterogeneous and complex ultrastructural pattern of granules in the mucosa and seromucosa cells of these avian species.

Histochemical study of magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) minor salivary glands during postnatal growth.

The histological and histochemical features of the minor salivary glands during postnatal development have been generally associated with the type of food ingested. However, recent studies support the fact that these salivary glands develop independently of the diet; in fact, minor salivary glands have similar morphological and histochemical characteristics in adult individuals of species with different diet regimens. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the developmental morphology of the penguin minor salivary glands and to contrast them with minor salivary glands of other species. The tongue, palatine, and mouth cavity (bottom) minor salivary glands of newborn, 1- to 20-day-old, and adult magellanic penguins were studied with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, alcian blue, toluidine blue, and lectin histochemistry. Minor salivary glands were present at all ages, although they were only moderately developed in animals less than 15 days old. After this age, glands were abundant in all age groups; in addition, cells from the glandular epithelium were functionally mature and secreted mucins. Nevertheless, in newborn to 15-day-old penguins, mucins were located only at the apical cytoplasm of mucous cells. In all ages, mucous cells displayed periodic acid-Schiff-positive, alcianophilic, and metachromatic reactions; among mucous cells, other orthochromatic cells appeared interspersed. From 15 days on, histochemical reactions became more intense until adulthood, and the cytoplasm of secretory cells was filled with glycoproteins and sulfomucins. Moreover, lectins bound to different oligosaccharides in mucous cells, depending on the stage of maturation of the glands. In conclusion, penguin minor salivary glands are already present at birth, and show progressive and quantitative increases in mucous secretion during postnatal development. These changes are necessary not only for nutrient ingestion, but also for nonimmune protection of the buccal cavity.

Structural and cytochemical modifications in the lingual glands of the newborn chicken irradiated with He-Ne laser.

Despite the increasing and successful use of laser in Medicine and Odontology, the possible iatrogenic and otherwise deleterious side effects of this radiation remain mostly unknown. In previous studies, it was shown that both the embryonic and the post-hatched chicken constitute reliable experimental models for this type of studies. Hence, the purpose of the present work was to analyze the structural and cytochemical alterations of the lingual glands of the newborn chicken irradiated with low energy He-Ne laser. This laser produced regressive structural changes of the glands towards the embryonic stage as well as hyperplasia of the reserve glandular basal cells. Furthermore, a decrease in the glycoprotein content and a rise in the sulphated glycosaminoglycans were also found. These results corroborate the pathogenic effects of the He-Ne- laser on the experimental model employed and, at the same time, emphasize the importance of considering, regarding clinical applications, possible previous neoplastic alterations as well as adverse reactions which might appear once laser therapy has been installed.

[Design of a thermic detection system applied to chick embryonated eggs irradiated with infrared rays]. / Diseño de un sistema de detectores térmicos aplicado en huevos embrionados de pollo irradiados con rayos infrarrojos.

Infrared radiations are widely used in medical therapeutics. It has been argued that the doses and the periods of time employed in experimental animals are higher than those used in clinic. Thus, we considered of interest to analyse aspects of dosimetry and thermic effects of infrared rays with current methods in medical practice, using the in ovo chick embryo as a model of easy control. To this end we designed a system to measure temperatures and their acquisitions and software for its handling. The system consists of: a) thermic points: thermocuples or termistores adaptable to the experimental requirements and calibrated with a greater precision within a range of ten degrees around the incubation temperature; b) acquirer circuit of thermic data (hardware): it generates a time base that varies with the thermic sensor. Software: the PC XT or AT detects changes in the time base by means of a programs' in a Turbo Pascal; c) storage and analysis of data allows, through a menu (expansibles) the scale selection, time of program data to be acquired, storage and recovery of the diskette information and graphic impression; d) chick's embryonated eggs. This system allows to measure temperature distribution in small physical spaces with little disturbance of the system to be measured in irradiated bodies, to analyse variations of the temperatures in time and to secure a greater confidence and automatism to obtain the required data.

[Morphological evaluation of intercellular junctions in the ovary of chick embryos: action of steroid and gonadotropic hormones in vitro]. / Evaluación morfológica de las uniones intercelulares en el ovario del embrión de pollo: acción de hormonas esteroideas y gonadotróficas in vitro.

Variations of the intercellular junctions of the germ and epithelial cells of the ovarian epithelium produced by gonadotropic and esteroid hormones were determined on ovaries of the chick embryo at 7 days of development. Explants of right and left ovaries were cultured without (control) or with hormones eddition (experimental) for 4 days. Cultures were processed for their ultrastructural study. In both control ovaries the union complexes were similar to those identified in ovo. Under the action of 17 beta-estradiol, an increase and a greater development of adherens junctions was observed in the left ovary; in the right ovary, adherens junctions diminished by action of 17 beta-estradiol. The response of the left ovary to progesterone and testosterone was similar to that seen with the estrogen. No changes were observed in the right gonad. A disminution of intercellular junctions was produced in both ovaries under the action of FSH. The changes produced by LH and hCG were similar to those find in the left ovary with the estrogen, consisting of an increase of the union complexes, mainly of the adherens type. These results indicate that steroid and gonadotropic hormones act by modifying intercellular junctions and would participate in the processes of growth and atrophy that occur in the ovaries of the chick embryo.

Evaluación morfológica de las uniones intercelulares en el ovario del embrión de pollo: acción de hormonas esteroideas y gonadotróficas in vitro. / [Morphological evaluation of intercellular junctions in the ovary of chick embryos: action of steroid and gonadotropic hormones in vitro]

Variations of the intercellular junctions of the germ and epithelial cells of the ovarian epithelium produced by gonadotropic and esteroid hormones were determined on ovaries of the chick embryo at 7 days of development. Explants of right and left ovaries were cultured without (control) or with hormones eddition (experimental) for 4 days. Cultures were processed for their ultrastructural study. In both control ovaries the union complexes were similar to those identified in ovo. Under the action of 17 beta-estradiol, an increase and a greater development of adherens junctions was observed in the left ovary; in the right ovary, adherens junctions diminished by action of 17 beta-estradiol. The response of the left ovary to progesterone and testosterone was similar to that seen with the estrogen. No changes were observed in the right gonad. A disminution of intercellular junctions was produced in both ovaries under the action of FSH. The changes produced by LH and hCG were similar to those find in the left ovary with the estrogen, consisting of an increase of the union complexes, mainly of the adherens type. These results indicate that steroid and gonadotropic hormones act by modifying intercellular junctions and would participate in the processes of growth and atrophy that occur in the ovaries of the chick embryo.